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猪场产房怎么管理,产房管理手册(连载十四)

来源:猪译馆 2020-07-23 14:20:28| 查看:

  前言 Foreword

  丹育猪以高产著名于世,但由于猪场建设、饲养管理等诸多方面的挑战,让丹育猪在中国的生产性能未能达到预期,但丹育种猪在中国养猪业的受青睐程度仍越来越高。猪译馆特收集整理了一系列丹育相关资料,目前正在转载由喜肉科技携手英联饲料和华扬种猪联合推出的丹麦养猪研究中心制作的丹育《产房管理手册》,敬请关注。

  编者的话 Editor's Note

  产房是一个猪场生产的中心,从产奶断奶的母猪的质量会影响到上游配怀母猪的性能,而仔猪的质量也会影响下游保育和育肥的生产指标,因此正确的产房管理是做好整个生产管理的基础。本手册将对产房的各项工作进行详细的讲解,其中很多章节图文并茂可以直接作为SOP使用。

  27周末/假期产房的工作交接

  WEEKEND / HOLIDAY REPLACEMENT IN THE FARROWING FACILITY

  27.1

  27.1当有平时不是负责产房工作的人员进入产房工作时,有许多信息需要告知:

  When A Person Other Than The One Normally Responsible Tends To The Farrowing Facility, Much Information Must Be Communicated:

  准备一个详细的工作计划,列出产房中各项任务。

  Prepare a detailed work plan that outlines the tasks in the farrowing facility.

  在周末/假日的工作人员工作交接之前,应对产房内的工作立即做一个全面的介绍。

  Give a thorough introduction to the work in the farrowing facility immediately before a weekend/holiday replacement.

  周末 / 假日后,和产房负责人做好工作交接,继续工作。

  3Make a follow-up after the weekend/holiday with the person responsible for the farrowing facility.

  确定两次交接的负责人。

  Decide who is responsible for the communication/completion of the information/follow-up.

  27.2不恰当的安排会导致以下的结果:

  Inadequate Agreements May Result In:

  周末/假日产房的负责人不同造成生产结果比较差且波动较大。

  Poor and varying production results depending on who tends to the facility during weekends andholidays.

  可能会导致工作没完成或完成的不够好。

  Tasks not being done or being done incorrectly.

  工作人员之间的误解和分歧。

  Misunderstandings and disagreements between staffff members.

  未达到管理者预期的结果。

  Unfulfifilled expectations from the person in charge of the facility.

  27.3

  27.3补充说明-周末/假期产房的工作交接

  Additional Comments - Weekend / Holiday Replacement In The Farrowing Facility

  对于一个有3名员工的猪场而言,一年大约有4个月,会是非产房负责人员在产房工作(周末值班、节日、休假和病假)。

  For approx. 1/3 of the year, employees other than the person responsible will tend to the facility (weekend rota system, holidays, national holidays and absence due to sickness) in a facility withthree employees.

  误解和不同的工作习惯可能会导致产房内的生产结果大幅变动。

  Misunderstandings and difffferent work routines may lead to highly varying production results in the farrowing facility.

  产房内的全体工作人员应当集中一起制定周末或节假日的工作计划。

  All employees in the farrowing facility should make a plan together of the tasks that need to be done in the facility over the weekend or during holidays (week plan).

  例子——产房内的工作任务:

  Examples of tasks in the farrowing facility:

  喂料前清空料槽。

  Empty troughs before feeding.

  调整饲喂量。

  Adjust feed dose.

  对生病的母猪和仔猪进行治疗

  Treat sick sows and piglets.

  人工助产。

  Obstetric aid.

  对新生的仔猪进行寄养。

  Cross-foster newborn piglets.

  将过多的仔猪转移给“奶妈”母猪。

  Move excess piglets to a nurse sow.

  饲喂仔猪。

  Feed piglets.

  移走胎盘和死猪。

  Remove placenta + dead piglets.

  检查舍内的温度。

  Check temperature in facility.

  在周末/假期开始前,相关负责人需书面列出工作安排表,包括以下内容:

  Before the start of a weekend / holiday, the person responsible draws up a schedule in which is written:

  在周末需要特别注意的母猪和仔猪(例如刚安排的“奶妈”母猪,病猪等)。

  Sows/litters that need special attention during the weekend (for instance, a nurse sow just made, sicksows etc.).

 

  第一和第二“奶妈”母猪和寄养母猪的选择,并且记录下它们在产房内的分布,如果必要还应记录它们有多少仔猪。

  Selection of nurse sows, intermediate nurse sows and foster sows, and notes of where in the facilitythey are and, if necessary, how many piglets they have.

  刚刚分娩完或正在分娩的母猪。

  Sows that have just farrowed or are farrowing.

  那些有1-2头仔猪需在出生24小时内寄养,但在周末之前无足够空间转移的母猪。

  Sows that have 1-2 piglets too many that must be moved no later than the day after, but where therewas not enough room to move them before the weekend.

  对设备进行检查(例如,某个喂料器的问题)。

  Technical details to be checked (for instance, problems with a specifific feed box).

  疾病治疗(查看治疗档案)。

  Treatments for disease (check treatment fifile).

  是否有母猪的采食量明显降低?哪些饲料阀门/开关需要额外注意?

  Have some sows had their feed dose signifificantly reduced? Which feed valves need extra attention?

  在周末之前,产房的周末工作人员和相关负责人应一同浏览工作时间表并在产房内进行观察。

  Before the weekend, the weekend replacement and the person responsible for the farrowing facility go through the schedule together and take a walk through the farrowing facility.

  周末结束后,相关负责人返回岗位,与周末工作人员一起检查猪群并回顾在周末或节假日发生的事件(例如:难产、生病母猪、产仔数少和仔猪死亡多的母猪等问题)。

  When the weekend is over and the person responsible is back at work, he/she and thereplacement go over what has happened during the weekend or the holiday (for instance, problems with farrowings or sick sows, sows with too few piglets, many dead piglets, etc.).

  预先指定负责人负责接替工作和之后继续工作的人员很重要。

  It is important beforehand to decide who is responsible for initiating both the replacement andthe follow-up.

  28产房的容量

  CAPACITY OF FARROWING FACILITY

  28.1

  28.1产房的设计

  Design Of The Farrowing Facility

  必须为安排“奶妈”母猪和寄养母猪预留空产床。

  There must be room for making nurse sows or foster sows in the section.

  确保每批猪之间可以清洗并干燥产房-参见1产房和产床的准备

  It must be possible to wash and dry the facility between batches - see 1 - Preparing the farrowing facility and farrowing pens.

  在分娩前一周,确保能将所有母猪转入产房。参见 4 - 分娩前的准备。

  It must be possible to transfer all sows one week before farrowing. See 4 -Preparation for farrowing.

  28.2如果产房内产床太少,可能会造出以下风险

  If The Capacity Of The Farrowing Facility Is Too Low, Risks Are

  将没到断奶日龄/体重的仔猪断奶。

  Weaning piglets that are too small for weaning.

  不能满足 “奶妈” 母猪和寄养母猪需要的空产床。

  Insuffiffifficient space for nurse sows and foster sows.

  产床不够 - 即使每批转入母猪数量之间只有很小差异。

  Inadequate space - even with minor variations in production levels.

  有些母猪在妊娠舍分娩。

  Sows farrowing in the gestation facility.

  有些母猪转到未干透的产床中。

  Some sows are moved to wet pens.

  在产房中花更多的时间来腾产床。

  Wasting time making more room in the farrowing facility.

  使母猪受到应激,死胎的比例增加。

  Stressing the sows, this will increase the percentage of stillborn.

  产床的数量必须和母猪数量相匹配

  The number of farrowing pens must match the number of sows

  母猪在妊娠舍内进行分娩是极其不好的,会大大增加仔猪的死亡率。

  Farrowing in the gestation facility is extremely unfortunate and may drastically increase piglet mortality.

  28.3

  28.3补充说明-产房的容量

  Additional Comments - Capacity Of Farrowing Facility

  产房的容量取决于分批操作体系、断奶日龄和“奶妈”母猪的需要量。下面是每周一批的操作和五周断奶的一个实例。设计整修或扩建的时候,根据猪场实际情况进行调整,主要基于场内猪群的计算及猪场顾问或建筑顾问的建议。

  The capacity of farrowing pens depends on batch operation system, weaning age and need for nurse sows. Below an example is shown based on weekly batch operation and fifive weeks’ weaning. When dimensioning the system in connection with modififications or extensions, base the calculations on the herd in question, possibly with the help of a pig advisor or construction advisor.

  第二“奶妈”母猪带奶的仔猪与同批其它仔猪同时断奶(参见9-“奶妈”母猪)。

  The piglets with the intermediate sow are weaned at the same time as the other piglets in the section (see also 9 - Nurse sows).

  如果转群时,产房很潮湿,母猪和仔猪在哺育期将有一个不好的开端。(参见1-产房和产床的准备)。

  If the pens are wet at transfer, both sow and piglets get a bad start to the nursing period (see also 1 -Preparation of the farrowing facility and farrowing pens).

  如果母猪在分娩前一周进入产房,她们在分娩前就能适应环境和饲料,这也减少了对母猪的应激,母猪有更多的能量用于分娩,从而减少死胎数。母猪转移至产房内太迟会造成应激,最终导致仔猪死淘率高。

  If the sows are transferred to the farrowing facility one week before farrowing, they will adapt to theenvironment and the feed before farrowing. This will result in less stressed sows, a higher energy level among the sows during farrowing and thereby fewer stillborn piglets. Moving sows to the farrowing facility too late will stress them and as a result piglet mortality.

  在产房中花太多的时间来转移母猪和仔猪,例如为“奶妈”母猪腾空产床。

  Too much time is spent on moving sows and piglets to make room for, for instance, nurse sows.

  计算产床数量的例子---100头母猪,5周龄断奶

  Example of capacity - guidelines per 100 sows and at fifive weeks’ weaning

  前提:

  Prerequisites:

  母猪分娩前一周转入产房。

  Sows are transferred the week before farrowing.

  提供大约20%的空产床给“奶妈”母猪。

  Room for approx. 20 % nurse sows.

  母猪产2.25窝/年。

  Each sow has 2.25 litters a year.

  按100头母猪进行计算:

  Calculation per 100 sows:

  100头母猪×2.25窝/年=225窝/年

  100 sows x 2.25 litters a year = 225 litters a year

  225窝/52周≈4.3窝/周

  225 litters/52 weeks = approx. 4.3 litters a week

  4.3窝+20%的“奶妈”=5.2窝/周

  4.3 litters + 20 % nurse litters = 5.2 litters a week

  产床要求:5批哺乳母猪+1批妊娠母猪=6批

  Space required: Five batches of lactating sows + batches of gestating sows (the week up to farrowing)= six batches

  6批×5.2 窝/批≈32产床

  Six batches x 5.2 litters per batch = approx. 32 farrowing pens

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