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猪场产房怎么管理，产房管理手册（连载十三）

来源：猪译馆 2020-06-15 14:34:33| 查看：次

 

前言 Foreword

丹育猪以高产著名于世，但由于猪场建设、饲养管理等诸多方面的挑战，让丹育猪在中国的生产性能未能达到预期，但丹育种猪在中国养猪业的受青睐程度仍越来越高。猪译馆特收集整理了一系列丹育相关资料，目前正在转载由喜肉科技携手英联饲料和华扬种猪联合推出的丹麦养猪研究中心制作的丹育《产房管理手册》，敬请关注。

 

编者的话 Editor's Note

产房是一个猪场生产的中心，从产奶断奶的母猪的质量会影响到上游配怀母猪的性能，而仔猪的质量也会影响下游保育和育肥的生产指标，因此正确的产房管理是做好整个生产管理的基础。本手册将对产房的各项工作进行详细的讲解，其中很多章节图文并茂可以直接作为SOP使用。

25肩伤的预防和处理

PREVENTION AND HANDLING OF SHOULDER LESIONS

 
25.1
25.1应该避免肩伤！这表示动物福利存在问题，并且会降低生产性能。
Avoid Shoulder Lesions! They Represent A Welfare Problem And Reduce Productivity. 
 
在整个繁殖周期内保证经产母猪和后备母猪的体况良好。母猪在转入产房时的体况尤为重要。
Keep sows and gilts in appropriate body condition in the entire cycle. Body condition upon transfer to the farrowing facility is the most important. 
检查母猪的记录—若发生过肩伤，则在转入产床时给她一个垫子。
Check the sow’s log - give the sow a shoulder jacket / mat upon transfer to the farrowing facility if she has previously suffffered from shoulder lesions. 
产房内的地面必须要干燥、坚固和平整。
The flfloor in the farrowing facility must be dry, solid and even.
调整限位栏的大小，尽量给母猪提供较大的活动空间，保证其能自由起卧。
Adjust the crate to give the sow as much space as possible and make sure she gets up frequently. 
每天检查母猪的肩部是否红肿或出现伤口。
Examine the sows daily for reddening/shoulder lesions. 
如果苍蝇经常叮在肩峰位置，这表明是肩伤的开始。
Flies on the shoulder crest may be an indication of an incipient shoulder lesion. 
当发现猪皮肤变红时，为其提供橡胶垫、披肩或肩垫。
Provide a rubber mat, shoulder jacket or pads upon reddening of the skin. 
立即治疗1、2级的肩伤。
Initiate treatment in case of shoulder lesions degrees 1 or 2. 
将有3级肩伤的母猪转移至秸秆垫料很厚的或铺有软的橡胶垫的病猪栏。
You must transfer a sow with degree 3 to a hospital pen with a thick bed of straw or a soft rubber mat. 
有4 级肩伤的母猪必须淘汰（枪毙）。
A sow with degree 4 must be destroyed. 
25.2容易出现肩伤的情况：
Shoulder Lesions Develop If 
母猪体况较差。
The sow has a low body condition score. 
柔软的垫料如橡胶垫未固定，从母猪身下滑走。
The soft bedding - for instance a rubber mat - has not been fastened and slides from under the sow. 
产床的地面潮湿，并持续潮湿（母猪玩水）。
The flfloor in the farrowing pen is wet and stays wet (sow is wallowing). 
披肩没有完全覆盖肩部。
The shoulder jacket does not cover the shoulders. 
由于腿无力、产房内太热等原因，母猪躺卧过多。
The sow lies down a lot due to, for instance, weak legs or the temperature in the facility being too high. 
没有定期调整产床限位栏架的大小。
The crate is not adjusted regularly.

没有肩伤、体况较好的母猪
Sow in appropriate body condition with no shoulder lesions

有肩伤但没有橡胶垫的母猪
Sow with shoulder lesion. She has not been given a rubber mat
25.3
25.3补充说明-肩伤的预防和处理
Additional Comments - Prevention And Handling Of Shoulder Lesions 
肩伤可比作人的褥疮。由于长时间对组织的挤压而引起的。猪身上最易受伤的部位是骨头紧靠皮肤的区域。
Shoulder lesions can be compared to pressure sores in humans. They arise from long-term pressure on the tissue. A particularly exposed area on the sow is where the bones lie just beneath the skin.
对于母猪而言，大多数的肩伤发生在分娩后一周内，因此，那段时间内保持母猪体况良好，减少躺卧时间很重要。
In sows, the majority of shoulder lesions develop within the fifirst weeks post-farrowing. It is important that the sow has an optimum body condition score and that the time the sow lies down isreduced. 
瘦母猪的肩胛骨周围由于没有脂肪层的保护，非常容易发生肩伤。体况评分为1和2的母猪被当做是有患病风险的母猪，应该立即转移到有橡胶垫的产床中。提高喂料频率（每天5-8次）会减少肩伤的发生几率。
Thin sows lack the protective layer of fat over and around the scapula and are therefore highlysusceptible to shoulder lesions. Sows in body conditions 1 and 2 are considered risk sows andshould be transferred directly to a pen with a rubber mat. Frequent feedings (5-8 times a day) have been seen to reduce the frequency of shoulder lesions. 
发生过一次肩伤的母猪，在之后的哺乳期间再次发生肩伤的风险很高。因此，在母猪记录中注明肩伤的等级，并在制定淘汰方案时参考这一信息。
Sows that have once suffffered from shoulder lesions have a signifificantly higher risk of developing lesions again in the subsequent lactation period. Therefore, always note the degree of shoulder lesions in the sow log and use this information in the culling strategy. 
潮湿的躺卧环境使皮肤变软，更容易被地面擦破。全漏缝地板会导致肩部的受力不均匀，导致母猪在全漏缝地板的产床中比在部分漏缝地板的产床中患肩伤的风险更高。可以用拳头感觉地面的平整度。
A wet lying area makes the skin soft and less robust against rubbings on the surface. Fully slatted flfloors result in an uneven pressure on the shoulder, and as a result there is a greater risk of shoulder lesions developing on sows in pens with fully slatted flfloors compared with farrowing pens with partially slatted flfloor. Check for irregularities in the flfloor by feeling the flfloor surface with a fifist. 
必须保证母猪起立和躺下没有任何障碍，否则，母猪躺卧的时间会比平常长。当母猪转进产床时，将产床的栏架调大并且只在分娩时调小。在分娩后1-2天将产床的栏架再调大，但是母猪在其中不能转身。一天饲喂多次会让母猪起立更频繁。
A sow must be able to get up and lie down without problems as it will otherwise lie down for longerperiods than normally. Adjust the farrowing crate in the outer position when the sow is transferred to the facility and only adjust inwards at farrowing. 1-2 days after farrowing, adjust the crate to the outer position, but without the sow being able to turn around. Several daily feedings will make the sow stand up more frequently. 
及时采取措施阻止肩伤的恶化很重要。每天检查母猪两侧肩伤的状况。在母猪都站立采食的时候最易于观察。特别注意瘦的或生病的母猪以及在产床中起立有困难的、个体大的母猪。
Immediate intervention in due time is essential to stop the development of a shoulder lesion. You must examine the sows for shoulder lesions on both sides daily. The easiest time to do this is during feeding when all sows are standing up. Pay special attention to thin or sick sows and large sows with diffiffifficulty getting up in the farrowing crate. 
母猪肩部红肿的时候会流出液体。这会引来苍蝇叮咬，这就是肩伤初期的迹象。
Fluid is excreted when the shoulder reddens. This will attract flflies to the shoulder and may therefore be an indication of an incipient shoulder lesion. 
在皮肤最初红肿的时候就开始干预可以阻止肩伤的进一步恶化。给母猪提供秸秆（病猪舍）、橡胶垫、披肩或肩垫等软的垫料。每天检查肩伤的情况。橡胶垫的缺点就是使母猪散热比较困难，造成小环境湿度较高。
Intervene at incipient reddening and swelling of the skin to prevent the condition from deterioratingfurther. Provide the sow with a soft bed in the form of straw (hospital pen), a rubber mat, shoulder pads or jackets. Check daily how the lesion develops. The drawback of rubber mats is that they may make it diffiffifficult for the sow to get rid of heat and consequently the immediate environment will turn humid. 
将肩伤为3级的母猪放在病猪舍中。用肥皂水彻底清洗发炎的肩伤后，再用清水冲洗，同时，每天用含有抗生素的软膏或喷剂来治疗。
Always keep sows with shoulder lesions degree 3 in a hospital pen. Wash inflflamed shoulder lesionsthoroughly in soapy water and rinse with clean water, and treat daily with, for instance, ointment or a spray containing antibiotics. 
考虑淘汰肩伤为4级的母猪，任何猪群禁止存在4级肩伤的母猪。在丹麦如果将4级肩伤的母猪送去屠宰，农场主将会被检举到警察局。如果将母猪送去屠宰前有以下迹象，说明此母猪有很大的3或4级肩伤的风险：
Degree 4 shoulder lesions are considered neglect and must not be present in any herd. If a sow with adegree 4 shoulder lesion is delivered for slaughter, the pig producer will be reported to the police. If you see / feel the following before sows are picked up for slaughter, there is a risk that the sow has had a degree 3 or 4 shoulder lesion: 
大的硬的肿块（直径超过5厘米）。
Large fifirm swelling (more than 5 cm in diameter). 
肩部的皮肤不能动。
The skin on the shoulder is immovable.

26产房和其它单元的交流

COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE FARROWING FACILITY AND OTHER SECTIONS

 
26.1

为了良好的生产结果和提高工作人员对工作的满意度，所有的生产单元都要通力合作。

For Good Production Results And Job Satisfaction Among Your Staffff, The Work In All Facilities Of The Production Must Be Coordinated. 

26.1产房内的全体员工必须清楚知道以下信息：

The staffff in the farrowing facility must receive information on: 

从妊娠舍过来的母猪数量。

Number of sows arriving from the gestation facility? 

需要橡胶垫的母猪数量。

How many will need rubber mats? 

直接来自病猪栏的母猪数量。

How many are coming directly from a hospital pen? 

产房的员工必须提供以下信息：

The staffff in the farrowing facility must provide information on: 

断奶后转入配种舍或淘汰的母猪数量。

Number of sows weaned for the service facility or tobe culled. 

可能有问题的母猪，例如：

Sows with possible problems, such as 

在产房中无食欲的母猪。

No appetite in the farrowing facility. 

在产房中发情的母猪。

Sows that came on heat in the farrowing facility. 

断奶仔猪的数量。

Number of piglets weaned.

仔猪的疾病。

Diseases among the piglets. 

每周做好计划。讨论各种话题：需要考虑的事或需要预防的问题。
Every week is planned. Various topics are discussed: events that need consideration or problems that can be prevented.

乳房干瘪的母猪，应淘汰。
Sow with a poor udder. This sow should be culled.
26.2
26.2协调不良的后果：

Consequences Of Inadequate Co-Ordination:

较差的工作环境—无责任感。
Bad working environment - no placing of responsibility. 
生产结果差。
Low production results. 
生产结果波动大。
Large variations in results. 
猪舍利用率低。
Poor utilisation of the facility. 
母猪的生产潜力利用低。
Poor exploitation of the sows’ production potential. 
工作任务未完成或错误执行。
Unfifinished or incorrectly performed tasks. 
同样的工作被重复多次。
The same tasks may be done more than once.
26.3

 

26.3补充说明-产房和其它单元的交流
Additional Comments - Communication Between The Farrowing Facility And Other Sections 
对于工作人员而言，知道从妊娠舍转来的母猪数量很重要，因为要据此来确定给多少母猪断奶。
It is important for the staffff to know how many sows arrive from the gestation facility to get an idea of how many sows will be weaned. 
根据配种日期来转移母猪至产房，这会减少许多转运工作。
Transfer the sows to the farrowing facility according to date of service as this will ease the logistics. 
转移母猪至产房时，给那些可能患肩伤的母猪提供垫子。
Provide sows with an increased risk of shoulder lesions with a mat when they are transferred to thefarrowing facility. 
特别注意那些直接从病猪栏转至产房的母猪。
Pay special attention to sows coming directly from a hospital pen to the farrowing facility. 
关于每批断奶母猪数量的信息会使配种舍管理变得容易。其中包括可能不同时与其它母猪一起发情的“奶妈”母猪和立即淘汰的母猪的信息。
Easy management of the service facility requires information on the number of sows to be weaned ineach batch. This includes information on nurse sows that may not come on heat at the same time as the other sows and information on which sows are to be culled. 
那些断奶比预期早的，在产房中食欲不佳的或发情的母猪可能有问题。
Sows with problems may be sows that were weaned earlier than expected; that had problems with their appetite in the farrowing facility; or sows that came on heat in the farrowing facility. 
保育舍的员工需要知道断奶仔猪的数量。考虑到仔猪的分栏，知道断奶仔猪大小差异也很重要。
The staffff in the weaner facility will need to know how many piglets are weaned. In relation to sorting of the piglets, it is also important to know the variation in size of the weaners. 
特别注意给保育舍中的生病仔猪和弱小仔猪提供额外的保暖。
Pay special attention and supply extra heat to sick and weak piglets in the weaner facility.

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