您好，欢迎进入养猪网!
养猪网
当前位置： 养猪技术 > 猪场管理 > 正文

猪场产房怎么管理，产房管理手册（连载十二）

来源：猪译馆 2020-06-02 14:40:03| 查看：次

 

前言 Foreword

丹育猪以高产著名于世，但由于猪场建设、饲养管理等诸多方面的挑战，让丹育猪在中国的生产性能未能达到预期，但丹育种猪在中国养猪业的受青睐程度仍越来越高。猪译馆特收集整理了一系列丹育相关资料，目前正在转载由喜肉科技携手英联饲料和华扬种猪联合推出的丹麦养猪研究中心制作的丹育《产房管理手册》，敬请关注。

 

编者的话 Editor's Note

产房是一个猪场生产的中心，从产奶断奶的母猪的质量会影响到上游配怀母猪的性能，而仔猪的质量也会影响下游保育和育肥的生产指标，因此正确的产房管理是做好整个生产管理的基础。本手册将对产房的各项工作进行详细的讲解，其中很多章节图文并茂可以直接作为SOP使用。

 

23仔猪的饲喂

FEEDING OF PIGLETS

 
23.1

 

23.1母猪的奶要能满足仔猪对能量、矿物质和维生素的主要需求。
Piglets’ Need For Energy, Minerals And Vitamins Must Primarily Be Covered By The Sow’s Milk. 

 

最早从10日龄起给仔猪饲喂断奶仔猪料，使仔猪慢慢适应。

Get the piglets used to weaning feed from they areminimum 10 days old.

 

每天饲喂仔猪2-5次。

Feed piglets 2-5 times a day.

 

每天至少清空和清洁料槽一次。

Empty and clean their trough minimum once a day.

 

如果仔猪生病，可能会需要水、能量或矿物质，并且肠道中的微生物菌群不平衡。在这种情况下，可能要给仔猪提供电解质溶液或乳制品。

In case of disease, piglets may need water, energy or minerals, and there may be imbalances in theintestinal flflora. In such cases, you may have to supply an electrolyte solution or dairy products.

 

 
23.2饲喂不当
Incorrect Feeding
 

干料（或湿拌料）

Dry feed (or gruel dry feed)

 

料槽很脏或其中有潮湿的饲料。

The trough is dirty / contains wet feed.

 

每天饲喂次数太少。

Too few feedings a day.

 

浪费饲料。

Feed wastage.

 

饲料放置太久。

The feed is too old.

 

乳制品

Dairy products

 

料槽很脏。

The trough is dirty

 

没有根据说明将乳制品完全溶解。

The milk is not dissolved according to instructions.

 

溶解过后的乳制品在料槽中放置超过6小时。

The flfluid stands in the trough for more than 6hours.

 

不能通过乳头饮水器饲喂。

Nipple drinker is not accessible.

 

料槽卫生状况差

Unhygienic conditions by the trough

23.3
23.3补充说明-仔猪的饲喂
Additional Comments - Feeding Of Piglets
 
料槽不能影响仔猪从乳头饮水器饮水。
The trough must not block the piglets’ access to the nipple drinker.
 
10-14日龄时开始训练仔猪吃干料，可以将饲料置于料槽或洒在地面上来饲喂。如果产床是全漏缝地板，将饲料洒在加热板上，放在保温区或者料槽内。在开始几天，将饲料放在母猪可以接触到一点的地方，来引起仔猪对饲料的兴趣。
Start training the piglets to eat dry feed when they are 10-14 days old by supplying the feed in a trough or on the solid part of the flfloor. If the farrowing facility has fully slatted flfloor, place the feed on the heat plate, in the creep area or in a trough. For the fifirst few days, place the feed where the sow can reach a bit of it to increase the piglets’ interest in the feed.
 
各窝仔猪的采食量是相差很大的；一窝24日龄的仔猪一天采食量可能是100-1000克。
Feed intake varies greatly from litter to litter; a litter of 24-day-old piglets may eat from 100 g to 1 kg dry feed a day.
 
根据仔猪的需要，每天饲喂2-5次，更易增加仔猪的采食量。
With 2-5 daily feedings it is easy to increase the supply offeed according to the need of the piglets.
 
第二周，每天饲喂仔猪2次。
In the second week, feed the piglets 2 times a day
 
第三周，每天饲喂仔猪3次。
In the third week, feed the piglets 3 times a day.
 
第四周，每天饲喂仔猪4次。
In the fourth week, feed the piglets 4 times a day.
 
第五周，每天饲喂仔猪5次。
In the fififth week, feed the piglets 5 times a day.
 
从第三周至达到最佳采食量的期间，根据仔猪食欲进行饲喂。
Feed the piglets according to appetite from week 3 to reach optimum feed intake.
 
在饲喂之前必须清空和清洁料槽。每天至少清空一次料槽主要是因为：
The trough must be clean and empty before feeding. It is important that the trough is emptied at least once a day due to:
 
卫生要求。
Hygiene.
 
饲料在料槽中时间过长会失去风味。
Feed loses taste and aroma if it stays in the trough too long.
 
将饲料倒进空料槽内有助于激发仔猪的好奇心。
Piglets’ curiosity is activated when feed is poured into an empty trough.
 
如果仔猪生病或出现其它问题，有必要额外给它们喂电解质溶液或乳制品作为母乳的补充。仔猪在出生12小时内摄食初乳，因此在12小时前不要给仔猪补充电解质或乳制品等。
 
In case of disease or other problems related to the piglets, it may be necessary to give them anelectrolyte solution or dairy products as supplement to the sow’s milk. Do not give the piglets anysupplements before they are 12 hours old due to their intake of colostrum.
 
给腹泻的仔猪喂电解质有助于其体液平衡的重新建立。
Electrolyte is given to piglets suffffering from diarrhoea to re-establish the flfluid balance.
 
每天配置溶液。第一周每天两次，每次每窝仔猪最多饲喂1升。
Make the solution daily. Give max. 1 litre per litter twice a day in the fifirst week.
 
卫生很重要：在供应电解质之前清空并清洗料槽。
Hygiene is crucial: empty and wash the trough before electrolyte is supplied.
 
乳制品作为一种营养补充料来使用，但是不能代替母猪奶水。
Dairy products can be used as additional source of nutrition, butcannot replace sow milk.
 
A38含有乳酸菌，因此可用于个别防止腹泻窝中。
A38 can be used as a preventive measure against diarrhoea in individual litters as it introduces lacticacid bacteria.
 
A38可适用于分娩后1日龄的弱仔猪。
A38 may be suitable for weak litters the fifirst day after farrowing.
 
A38同样也可用于窝间交换仔猪或者正在接受治疗的母猪的仔猪。
A38 can also be used for litters that were exchanged or piglets by a sick sow that is undergoing treatment.
 
饲喂A38时，卫生很重要。每天清空和清洗料槽。
Hygiene is essential when feeding A38. Empty and wash the trough daily.
 
牛初乳：
Cow colostrum
 
不能代替母猪初乳，因为它不包含适合仔猪的抗体。
Cannot replace sow colostrum as it does not containthe right antibodies.
 
仔猪摄入初乳后，牛初乳可以作为补充的能量来源。
Can be used as supplementary energy source after intake of sow colostrum.
 
对仔猪而言可能是重要的能量供应，并且对肠粘膜起一定的保护作用。
May be a vital energy supply to the piglet and may partially protect the intestinal surface.
 
可用装人工授精精液的新的一次性瓶子分装牛初乳，然后轻轻地喂到弱小仔猪嘴中。
Can be given in new disposable bottles for AI semen gently in the mouth of the weak piglet.
 
可以瓶装后储存在冰柜中，使用时再解冻。记住，饲喂时奶温必须达到体温。
Can be stored in a freezer in the bottles and thawed as needed. Remember, the milk must have bodytemperature.
 
代乳料：
Milk replacer
 
即使仔猪已经摄入了初乳并且获得了代乳料，它们仍需要母猪的奶水。
Even though the piglets have received colostrum and get sow milk replacer, they must still be assured of milk from the sow.
 
使用代乳料时，卫生很重要。每次饲喂前要清空和清洗料槽，用来混合代乳料的用具使用后同样需要清洗。
Hygiene is crucial when using milk replacer. Empty and wash the trough before each feeding, and alsowash the equipment for mixing milk replacer after use.
 
根据使用说明，按正确比例用水来溶解代乳料。水温必须适当，如果太冷，代乳料不易溶解；如果太热，会破坏蛋白质。
Dissolve milk replacer in the correct ratio of water according to instructions. The water must have theright temperature; if it is too cold, the milk replacer will not dissolve. If it is too warm, the proteins will be destroyed.
 
搅拌代乳料直到没有结块，否则结块会通过胃直接进入肠道而不被消化吸收。
Stir the milk replacer until there are no lumps. Lumps will continue through the stomach to the intestines.
 
仔猪应几小时内吃完，否则代乳料在料槽中会变质。
The piglets must eat up within a few hours or else the milk replacer will get stale in the trough.

24断奶程序

WEANING PROCEDURE 

 
24.1
24.1成功的断奶要求完善的准备。
Successful Weaning Requires Thorough Preparation.
 
在实施断奶前一天做好准备工作。
Start preparing the day before weaning.
 
确定下一批母猪需要的产床数量。
Decide on the number of farrowing pens needed for the next batch.
 
 
找出要断奶的仔猪/母猪，确定数量并且记录在管理清单中。
Locate the litters / sows to be weaned, count them and note this information on the management list.
 
标记出即将要断奶的母猪，便于寻找。
Mark the sows selected for weaning so that they are easy to fifind.
 
用S/SL来标记断奶后即将淘汰并送屠宰场的母猪。
Mark the sows to be culled after weaning with an S / SL for slaughter.
 
用“A”标记“奶妈”母猪，便于在配种舍中更好的观察。
Mark nurse sows with an A so that they can be observed thoroughly in the service facility.
 
如果有需要，为还不能断奶的仔猪安排寄养母猪。
If required make foster sows for the piglets not ready for weaning.
 
准备好赶猪道，赶猪板等。
Prepare inspection alleys, driving boards, etc.
 
每个员工都必须清楚自己在仔猪断奶时的任务。
Each staffff member must be fully aware of his/hertasks in connection with weaning.
 
断奶
Weaning
 
将断奶母猪转至配种舍。
Move the sows to the service facility.
 
将仔猪赶出产床。
Chase the piglets out of the pen.
 
用赶猪板驱赶猪，避免对猪造成应激。
Do not stress the animals - use a driving board.
 
如果必要，移动小部分的母猪。
If necessary, move a few sows.
 
运输过程中不能让仔猪受冻。
Do not cool the piglets during transport.
24.2
24.2断奶准备工作不充分可能会导致：
Insuffiffifficient Preparation For Weaning May Result In
 
没有发现那些因为有问题而需要提前断奶的母猪。
Failure to detect sows that need of weaning before time due to problems.
 
断奶时仔猪大小不均匀。
Non-uniform piglets at weaning.
 
没有充足的时间来选择母猪和仔猪。
Too little time to select the right sows and piglets.

准备断奶的仔猪
Piglets ready for weaning
 

断奶准备不充分，赶出的仔猪大小不均匀
Weaning has not been prepared and the piglets are too non-uniform
24.3
24.3补充说明-断奶程序
Additional Comments - Weaning Procedure
 
如果在断奶前做好准备工作，那么断奶对猪造成的应激将会大大降低,员工的工作也会轻松很多。当然，断奶当天也有许多准备工作要做。
Weaning becomes a lot less stressful for animals as well as humans if the procedure is thoroughlyprepared. There is plenty to as it is on the day of weaning.
 
打印出最新的管理清单，以便对下批猪需要的产床数量的整体情况有所了解。
Print the latest management list to form a general idea of the number of farrowing pens needed for the next farrowing batch.
 
从记录上看，即使有些仔猪可能已经达到了断奶的年龄，但是每头仔猪都要单独的评估，看是否达到断奶体重。同时，检查母猪的健康，因为可能有必要给有问题的母猪断奶。
Even though the piglets on paper have reached weaning age, each piglet must be individuallyassessed to determine if they are big enough for weaning. Also examine the well-being of the sow as it may be necessary to wean the sow due to problems.
 
如果移走母猪卡，反放在塑料文件夹中或用颜色来标记母猪，那么第二天早上会更容易找出应该断奶的母猪。
It will be easier to fifind the sows to be weaned the next morning if you remove the sow card, reverse it in the plastic folder or mark the sow with a spray.
 
挑出即将淘汰的母猪
Group the sows to be culled.
 
在配种舍特别注意“奶妈”母猪，因为她们可能不会和该批其它的母猪同期发情。
Pay special attention to nurse sows in the service facility as there is a risk that they do not come intoheat together with the rest of the batch.
 
给瘦小、生病或弱的不能断奶的仔猪安排寄养母猪，并让它们和下批仔猪一起断奶。参见12-生长受阻仔猪的寄养母猪。
Move piglets that are too small, sick or weak to be weaned to a foster sow and wean them with the next batch. See 12 - Foster sow for piglets with reduced growth.
 
确保门按照要求打开/关闭，通道是不滑的，并且地面上没有饲料。
Make sure doors and gates are open / closed as required, the alleys are not slippery and that there isno feed on the flfloor.
 
为了确保断奶时猪群流转顺利，每个员工要清楚自己的角色，明确知道自己要做什么。
To have the best possible flflow during weaning, it is essential that all staffff members are aware of their role so that they know exactly what to do.
 
断奶
Weaning
 
没有进一步的说明。
No further comments.
 
在赶猪道中赶仔猪或用手推车。
Chase the piglets in inspection alleys or drive them incarts.
 
没有进一步的说明。
No further comments.
 
如果在产房中，实行连续生产，有必要移动少数母猪来实现批次的区别。这在小产房的运作中是不需要的。
If continuous operation is practised in the farrowing facility, it will often be necessary to move a few sows around to make the batches match. This should not be necessary in sectioned operation.
 
如果断奶仔猪需要进行室外运输，使用有垫料和保温设备的卡车（最好可以加热），这非常重要。
If the weaned piglets are transported outdoor, it is important to use well-bedded, warm trucks(preferably heated).

【版权声明】养猪网旗下所有平台转载的文章均已注明来源、养猪网原创文章其他平台转载需注明来源且保持图文完整性、养猪网特别说明的文章未经允许不可转载，感谢您的支持与配合；我们所有刊登的文章仅供养猪人参考学习，不构成投资意见。若有不妥，请及时联系我们，可添加官方微信号“zgyangzhuwang”！
---养猪网手机APP端
相关阅读 猪场 产房 管理

精华推荐

  • 蓝耳防控
网站导航
友链合作 (QQ：576488929)

服务热线：400-808-6188

Copyright©2010-2022 https://www.zhuwang.cc